Bukittinggi
Bukittinggi is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91,000 people and an area of 25.24 km². It is situated in the Minangkabau highlands, 90 km by road from the West Sumatran capital city of Padang. It is located at 0°18′20″S 100°22′9″E, near the volcanoes Mount Singgalang (inactive) and Mount Marapi (still active). At 930 m above sea level, the city has a cool climate with temperatures between 16.1°-24.9°C.
Bukittinggi (Indonesian for "high hill") is one of the larger cities in West Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of over 91,000 people and an area of 25.24 km². It is situated in the Minangkabau highlands, 90 km by road from the West Sumatran capital city of Padang. It is located at 0°18′20″S 100°22′9″E, near the volcanoes Mount Singgalang (inactive) and Mount Marapi (still active). At 930 m above sea level, the city has a cool climate with temperatures between 16.1°-24.9°C.
The city has its origins in five villages which served as the basis for a marketplace.[1]
The city was known as Fort de Kock during colonial times in reference to the Dutch outpost established here in 1825 during the Padri War. The fort was founded by Captain Bauer at the top of Jirek hill and later named after the then Lieutenant Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, Hendrik Merkus de Kock.[2] The first road connecting the region with the west coast was built between 1833 and 1841 via the Anai Gorge, easing troop movements, cutting the costs of transportation and providing an economic stimulus for the agricultural economy.[3] In 1856 a teacher-training college (Kweekschool) was founded in the city, the first in Sumatra, as part of a policy to provide educational opportunities to the indigenous population.[4] A rail line connecting the city with Payakumbuh and Padang was constructed between 1891 and 1894.[5]
During the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in World War II, the city was the headquarters for the Japanese 25th Army, the force which occupied Sumatra. The headquarters was moved to the city in April 1943 from Singapore, and remained until the Japanese surrender in August 1945.[6]
Mosque in central Bukittinggi
During the Indonesian National Revolution, the city was the headquarters for the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) from December 19, 1948 to July 13, 1949. During the second 'Police Action' Dutch forces invaded and occupied the city on December 22, 1948, having earlier bombed it in preparation. The city was surrendered to Republican officials in December 1949 after the Dutch government recognized Indonesian sovereignty.[7]
The city was officially renamed Bukittinggi in 1949, replacing its colonial name. From 1950 until 1957, Bukittinggi was the capital city of a province called Central Sumatra, which encompassed West Sumatra, Riau and Jambi. In February 1958, during a revolt in Sumatra against the Indonesian government, rebels proclaimed the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) in Bukittinggi. The Indonesian government had recaptured the town by May the same year.
It is famous for its tourism and culinary, some of which :
1.LOBANG JEPANG (CAVE JAPAN)
Located in the upper Canyon Panorama attractions Sianok, the central town of Bukittinggi. Sightseeing tours are crowded local and foreign tourists, especially on Sundays and other holidays.
This hole is actually more accurately described as a tunnel (bunker) Japan. Built in 1943 for defense purposes the Japanese army in World War II, this hole was made on the orders of the Army Military Government of Japan (Army Twenty Five) to Sumatra, which is located in Bukittinggi in Sumatera Defense Army commander under General Watanabe.
Seeing the city's hilly topography, valleys and canyons of this, the generals Watanabe ordered to build a tunnel that is more popular with the Japanese name of the hole. Development was done with human power by force (Romusha Kinsohoshi) for military needs. Initially voluntary, then turned into forced labor (Romusha).
Many workers imported from Java. Because the work must be hunted down, many workers who died at work, came into being tired and not fed. Those who disobey are beaten or shot to death inhuman.
The tunnel is made at a depth of 40-50m, below the ground hard enough bercadas tengan line 2 meters. The length of 1470 meters, is divided into 20 rooms consisting of bedroom, the room hideaway, treatment room, kitchen room, the room prison and ammunition warehouses. Making room deliberately winding with a number of indoor trap. When the survey is conducted prior to the renovation by the city of Bukittinggi in the 1970, still found some equipment that had rotted, including samurai swords.
Two of the mouth of the tunnel that is currently visible, one leading to the canyon Sianok and the other one on the cliff of the entrance to the park attractions Panorama. The function of the mouth of the tunnel other than as an entry, as well as ventilation to the outside world watching.
This Japanese hole by the City of Bukittinggi as one object Cave Tour. After various renovations, completed lamp. At the entrance is made stairs leading into the tunnel, which is divided into two parts and is limited to iron pipe; one part to the inflow and one other side to flow out. As a complement to information about the existence
Japan's higher aperture Hill has 3 main door (street Canyon Sianok, Panorama and park complex next to the palace of Bung Hatta) and 6 emergency exit. But this time, only the entrance on the park panorama that is used as the entrance the visitors while the other doors closed.
This artificial cave has a length of about 1.5 kilometers, but now many are closed for security reasons, leaving 750 meters. The atmosphere in the ditch japan was cool. With fluorescent lighting at some point create a mystical atmosphere in it. Perhaps the Japanese tour guide hole, there is one room that also functions as a prisoner torture chamber.
One of the atrocities the Japanese army was the killing of prisoners by way of chopped. Do not stop there, the body which had been cut into pieces were then doused with hot water and salt to make sure the body was lifeless. Mystical aura is then invited one of the national private stations to use the detention room in the cave area Bukittinggi japan guts of this to the test arena.
Despite it all, the hole japan that have some rooms used as an ammunition room, meeting room, holding room, bedroom, living for workers romusha evoke amazement of the past in the manufacturing process. Japanese Cave has 3 m high, 2 meters wide is undergoing renovation by the government in the form of hardening of the town of Bukittinggi.
So, when you travel to Bukittinggi, this tourist attraction not be missed. The location was in the middle of town provides easy access for visitors. To go down the stairs as the entrance to the cave entrance was tiring Japan (128 steps). But everything will be paid off with what is presented in it. Progress architecture, cool atmosphere to the mystical aura will pay in full power have been wasted. On the plus again with beautiful gardens and panoramic canyon posted Sianok fascinating.
It's a travel experience that you'll never forget.
2.NGARAI SIANOK (SIANOK CANYON)
Sianok canyon is a steep valley (cliff) located in the border town of Bukittinggi, with District IV Koto, Agam regency, West Sumatra. The valley is elongated and meandering as the southern border town of Koto Gadang canyon until the canyon Sianok Six Tribe, and ends up Palupuh. Sianok canyon has beautiful scenery and become one of the major tourist provinces.
This gap within approximately 100 m stretches along 15 km with a width of approximately 200 m and is part of the fault that separates the island of Sumatra in half lengthwise (Fault Semangko). This fault forms a steep wall, even perpendicular and form a green valley - the result of decreased movement of earth crust (sinklinal) - who fed bars Sianok (mean stem of the river, in the Minangkabau language) where the water is clear. In the Dutch colonial era, this gap also called buffalo sanget, because of the many free-living wild buffalo in the bottom of the canyon.
Sianok rod can now be forded by using the canoe and kayak yg disaranai by a water sports organization "Qurays". The route taken is from village to village Sitingkai Lambah Stem Palupuh for about 3.5 hours. At the edges still found many rare plants such as Rafflesia and medicinal plants. The fauna found such long-tailed monkeys, gibbons, hoop, deer, wild boar, leopard, and tapirs.
3.JAM GADANG
The structure was build in 1926 during the Dutch colonial era, as a gift from the Queen to city's controleur. It was designed by architects Yazin and Sutan Gigi Ameh. Originally a rooster figure was placed on the apex, but it was changed into a Jinja-like ornament during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia. Following Indonesian independence, it was reshaped to its present form resembling traditional Minangkabau roofs.
The clock's diameter is 80 centimeters, the base's dimension is 13 metres in length and 4 metres wide, and it stands 26 metres tall.
Jam Gadang (“Jam” mean Clock, and “Gadang” mean “Massive” in the Minangkabau language) is a clock tower situated in the heart of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra, Indonesia. How phenomenal of Jam Gadang for domestic and foreign tourists, making it is as a landmark of Bukittinggi and also be one of West Sumatra icons.
Jam Gadang built without iron supports and mortar, but with a mixture of lime, egg whites, and white sand. The clock’s diameter is 80 centimeters, the base’s dimension is 13 metres in length and 4 meters wide, and it stands 26 meters tall.
The clocktower has undergone several changes in the form at the top. During the Dutch colonial period, the heyday of Jam Gadang installed with rooster statue. However, when the Dutch were defeated and change by Japanese colonialists, the top replaced with pagoda. Furthermore when Indonesian independence period, the top of Jam Gadang replaced with traditional Bagonjong roof – Minangkabau traditional house.
Construction of Jam Gadang spend cost of 3,000 Guilder. One unique feature of Jam Gadang is that it uses the “IIII” for the number 4 instead of its traditional Roman Number “IV”.
4.BENTENG FOR DE KOCK
Fort de Kock was founded in 1825 by Captain Bauer at the Mount Jirek Affairs, Bukit Tinggi. Until today, Fort Fort de Kock is still a proud witness of the Dutch colonial rule at that time to the Minangkabau and swagger still remains implicit in the 20-meter-high building with white paint and green colors of this.
Fort de Kock is equipped with a small cannon at the four corners. Regions around the fort has been restored by local governments into a garden with shady trees and lots of children's toys.
The fortress is located at the Wildlife Park and Cultural Kinantan Bukit Tinggi is located in the same location with the High Hill Zoo and the Museum of Traditional House Baanjuang. Regions fort situated on a hill left of the entrance area while the zoo and museums gadang shaped house is situated on a hill on the right.
Both are connected by a bridge Limpapeh beneath which is a highway in the town of Bukit Tinggi. Indeed this region is located only 1 km from the center of Bukit Tinggi in the Clock Tower area, precisely in the canal road Renceh Tuanku nan. Bukit Tinggi itself can be taken about two hours from the city of Padang as the capital of West Sumatra province.
By paying a levy of Rp 5,000, saw the castle, cross the bridge with panoramic views, examining a variety of wildlife and learn history at the museum can be enjoyed as well. Traditional House Special Baanjuang entering, visitors must pay back entrance fee of Rp 1,000 per person. This place is often used as a family picnic or group goals for kindergarten and elementary school students to know the nature, history and culture as well.
A number of visitors even seemed happy just enjoying the shade around Fort Fort de Kock after reading the little explanation about the history of the fortress. It is written in a charter of about 10 meters in front of the castle which was signed by Mayor H. Bukit Tinggi Djufri when inaugurated as a tourist place on March 15, 2003. Here's a little explanation about the Fort Fort de Kock.
Fort de Kock was founded by Captain Bauer at the year 1825 at the Mount Jirek Bukit Tinggi country as the Netherlands East Indies government fortifications of the people in the face of opposition led by the Padri War Tuanku Imam Bonjol.
When the Baron Hendrick Mark de Kock became Commandant de Roepoen and Deputy Governor General of the Government of the Netherlands East Indies. From this location is where the name became Fort Fort de Kock.
Bukit Tinggi cool air can make the visitors who come to forget time. Especially when looking at the beauty Sianok Gorge, Mount Singgalang, Mount Pasaman and also the city from the top of Bukit Tinggi Limpapeh Bridge. Then keep walking to see different animals and mampi briefly in the House of Traditional Baanjuang to add a little insight about the culture of the Minangkabau.
In the building is deliberately built in 1930 by a Dutchman, Mr. Saved Controleur Mandelar various typical Minangkabau objects, such as custom clothing, buffalo horn and traditional fishing equipment. In this place, visitors can also take pictures on the bridge as well as with traditional outfit Minang only by paying USD 2500-USD 5000.
Fort Fort de Kock arrogance also recorded in a variety of souvenirs that were sold in stalls outside the tourist areas, such as T-shirts, keychains and bags distinctive Minangkabau. Unfortunately it seems, if the home without any special memories about the Fort Fort de Kock
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